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\pard\plain\s2\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\f1\fs32\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Learning\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 Love\expnd-1\expndtw-4  Bats\par\pard\plain\s3\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\sb121\f1\fs24\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 (travel\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 support\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and professional\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 society\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw-2 memberships)\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb119\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 My current research question is, \'93Can public education, including bat-related tourism, assist in bat conservation efforts?\'94 Although bats often have a negative image in the public imagination, bats\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 play\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 many\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 vital\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 ecological\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 roles\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 such\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 as\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 pest\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 control,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 pollination and\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 seed\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 dispersal\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 (Kunz\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 et al., 2011). Several threats have recently emerged that threaten the livelihood of bats. As just one example, White-nose syndrome, a lethal fungal disease that causes bats to prematurely emerge from\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 hibernation,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 has\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 killed millions\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 North-American\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 bats\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 since\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 its\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 arrival\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 to the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 United\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 States in\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 2007\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 (Bat\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Conservation\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 International).\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Informing the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 public\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 these\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 benefits\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and threats\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 could bring more awareness and positive attitudes towards the taxon.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Many places in the southwestern United States have marketed their urban bat colonies to create areas of ecotourism, such as the Congress Avenue Bridge in Austin, Texas (Taylor & Butler 2007). It is estimated that bat-related tourism generates 6.5 million dollars annually in the southwestern\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 United\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 States\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 (Bagstad &\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Wiederholt\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 2013).\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Wildlife-oriented tourism\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 one\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the fastest\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 growing\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 activities\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 United\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 States\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 (Pennisi,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Holland,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 &\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Stein\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 2004),\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 bat-watching destinations could play a positive role in influencing peoples\'92 attitudes and perceptions of bats.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb120\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 My\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 project\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 structured\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 into\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 two\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 main\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 parts.\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 The\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 first\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 part\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 of my\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 project\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 literature review analyzing current literature pertaining to conservation education, bat conservation, bat- related ecotourism, bird-related ecotourism, and human perceptions of bats. This part of my project will require access to academic journals, which I have through the Â鶹´«Ã½ library. The second part of my project will be field work researching organizations and places where bat- related conservation education and ecotourism take place. I will look at their conservation strategies and interview people working in these areas on their perceived effectiveness of the strategies. I hypothesize that public education assists bat conservation efforts by educating people on the environmental importance of bats and alleviating negative, historical biases towards the taxon, which currently hinder their conservation. I believe areas of bat-related tourism\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 most\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 effective\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 places\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 distribute\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 educational\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 materials\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 to the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 public,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 since\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 these areas involve a stronger, more interactive experience with the taxon.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb119\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The field work portion of my project will require me to visit several different places where bat- related conservation education and bat-related ecotourism take place. The places I intend to visit are the Houston Audubon, the Congress Avenue Bridge in Austin, Texas, the Bracken Cave Preserve in San Antonio, Texas, the Pascagoula River Audubon Center, and Mammoth Cave National\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Park.\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 These\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 all\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 examples\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 places\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 where\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 conservation\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 education\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 take\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 place,\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the Congress Avenue Bridge and the Bracken Cave Preserve are also examples of bat-related ecotourism destinations. I also will interview people working in these locations, as well as members of the Mississippi Bat Working Group, a group of scholars and enthusiasts focused on\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 studying\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 bats\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mississippi.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 seek\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 proper\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 IRB\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 approval\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 for\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 purpose\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 with the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 help\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 my adviser. I have already completed my CITI training with the\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 University, as well as the\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 additional Human Subjects Research module.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 ultimate\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 goal\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 my\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 project\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 to contribute\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 more knowledge\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 field\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 bat\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 conservation. I believe that my research will provide educators with a comprehensive overview of what other organizations are doing to benefit bat conservation efforts. By researching organizations conducting bat conservation, their methods, and the effect of the various programs, I hope to illuminate which methods of bat conservation are effective or ineffective in influencing human perceptions of bats and ultimately their behaviors towards bats. By doing so, conservation organizations will have a better framework on which to model their conservation education \expnd0\expndtw-2 strategies.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\sl240\slmult1\sb237\f0\fs24\b0\i0\par\pard\plain\s2\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl242\slmult1\f1\fs32\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 effect\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of environment\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 quorum-sensing\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 on\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 production\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 of phenazines by plant and animal pathogenic \f2\i1 Burkholderia\par\pard\plain\s3\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\sb117\f1\fs24\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 (commodities\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd0\expndtw-2  stipend)\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb119\f3\fs24\b0\i1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Burkholderia \f0\i0 is a ubiquitous group of Gram-negative bacteria that contain numerous saprophytes, nitrogen-fixing mutualists, as well as species that are associated with infectious diseases, hospital-acquired infections and necrotizing pneumonia in individuals with cystic fibrosis (1). These organisms were previously classified as \f3\i1 Pseudomonas\f0\i0 , but the advent of molecular and genetic techniques ultimately identified \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 as members of a distinct genus within Betaproteobacteria (2). Three distinct lineages are recognized within the \f3\i1 Burkholderia\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \f0\i0\expnd0\expndtw0 group:\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 i)\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \f3\i1\expnd0\expndtw0 B.\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 pseudomallei\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \f0\i0\expnd0\expndtw0 clade\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 mammalian\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 pathogens,\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 ii)\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \f3\i1\expnd0\expndtw0 Burkholderia\i1  cepacian \f0\i0 complex (Bcc) of opportunistic pathogens, and iii) the \f3\i1 B.glumae\f0\i0 /\f3\i1 B.gladioli \f0\i0 clade of plant pathogens.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb117\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Some species of \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 produce colored redox-active secondary metabolites called phenazines (Phz). In other groups of bacteria, phenazines strongly contribute to the competitiveness, formation of biofilms, and virulence in multiple models of infection. Similar depth of knowledge on the diversity, biosynthesis, and biological functions of phenazines in \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 is missing\f3\i1 . \f0\i0 Recent studies in my mentor\'92s lab demonstrated that phenazine gene clusters are present in genomes of multiple \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 that have a worldwide origin and belong to different species of the genus. The studies also revealed a link between the presence and\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 amount\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 phenazines\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 biofilm\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 growth\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 in \f3\i1 Burkholderia\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 lata\f0\i0 .\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 The\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 dynamic\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 nature\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 and yield of different phenazine derivatives in \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 suggest the complex effect of environment and specific and global regulation, details of which remain entirely unknown. The proposed work will\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 address this important\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 gap in the knowledge\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 and will\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 examine the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 influence of environmental factors and quorum sensing on the production of phenazines in the opportunistic pathogens of the Bcc group and the rice pathogen \f3\i1 B. glumae.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 I will explore the effect of several environmental factors on the expression of phenazine biosynthesis\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 (\f3\i1 phz\f0\i0 )\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 genes\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 strains\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 2424,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 PC17,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and \f3\i1 B.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 lata\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \f0\i0\expnd0\expndtw0 383,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 which\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 belong\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 to the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Bcc\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 group of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 opportunistic\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 pathogens.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 also\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 include\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 this analysis\expnd0\expndtw-1  \f3\i1\expnd0\expndtw0 B.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 glumae\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \f0\i0\expnd0\expndtw0 411gr-6,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 which\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 causes the bacterial panicle blight of rice. I will compare the expression of \f3\i1 phz \f0\i0 genes in \f3\i1 Burkholderia\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb2\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 cultured in\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 several\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 different\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 growth\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 media,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 including the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 LB,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 King\'92s\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 medium\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 B,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mueller\'96Hinton, CPG agar, and SCFM medium (8) that mimics the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. The\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1488\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 bacteria\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 grown\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 at\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 30\'B0C to\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 late\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 stationary phase,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 total\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 RNA\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 extracted\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 using the RNeasy Mini kit, treated with DNase I, and quantified with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer. The induction of the \f3\i1 phz \f0\i0 pathway will be measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with primers targeting the \f3\i1 phzA \f0\i0 phenazine biosynthesis gene and normalized against the housekeeping \f3\i1 gyrB\i1  \f0\i0 gene. I will also compare the expression level of \f3\i1 phz \f0\i0 genes in KMB at different temperatures (30\'B0C vs. 25\'B0C and 37\'B0C), oxygen levels (21% vs. 15%), growth phase (exponential vs. stationary), and culture conditions (planktonic vs. biofilm). Many pathogens coordinately regulate energetically expensive processes (secretion of virulence factors, motility, biofilm formation) via quorum sensing (QS) (9). QS is a form of cell-cell communication, which involves the production, detection, and response to signaling molecules known as autoinducers. In several groups of bacteria, the expression of \f3\i1 phz \f0\i0 genes is regulated by autoinducers, but the effect of QS on the production of phenazines in \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 is unknown. Therefore, I will use qPCR to compare the expression of \f3\i1 phzA \f0\i0 in control cultures and cultures amended with N-acyl homoserine lactones, which are used by \f3\i1 Burkholderia \f0\i0 as intraspecies QS signals (10).\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 expected\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 results\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 provide\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 new\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 insights\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 into\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 effect\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 environmental\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 factors\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 cell- cell communication\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 on\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 production\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 phenazines in\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 different\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 clades\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 of \f3\i1 Burkholderia\f0\i0 ,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 which include plant and animal pathogens. These data will contribute to the ongoing collaboration between\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 my mentor\'92s lab\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 group\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 Prof.\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 Wulf\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 Blankenfeldt\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 at\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Helmholtz\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Center\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 for Infection Research in Germany. The goal of that project is to characterize the contribution of phenazine metabolites to the biology of pathogenic members of the genus \f3\i1 Burkholderia\f0\i0 .\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\sl240\slmult1\sb239\f0\fs24\b0\i0\par\pard\plain\s2\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\f1\fs32\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Genders\'92\expnd-2\expndtw-10  \expnd0\expndtw0 perspectives\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 on\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 affirmative\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw-2 consent\par\pard\plain\s3\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\sb122\f1\fs24\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 (travel\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 support,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 participant\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 incentives,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw-2 commodities)\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1488\sl240\slmult1\sb119\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Our first central question asks if there are any differences in genders\'92 perspectives of giving and receiving sexual consent. Our second question asks how students at Â鶹´«Ã½ and LSU feel their university has prepared them to approach consensual sexual relationships (either by freshman/transfer orientations, Greek Life requirements, etc.). The third question asks if there is any difference in the aforementioned variables between a university that has an affirmative consent policy vs. one that does not. With our first study at Â鶹´«Ã½, the data analysis suggested that\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 women\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 were\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 more\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 likely to\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 not\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 agree\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Â鶹´«Ã½\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 gave\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 adequate\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 training\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 on consensual\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 sexual relationships during freshman or transfer orientations, whereas men were more likely to agree.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl242\slmult1\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 This study would like to further ask students how they believe affirmative consent policies should\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 implemented\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 more\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 effectively\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 within\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 their\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 respective\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 campuses.\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 We\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 hope\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 record concerns and ideas of students in hopes that Â鶹´«Ã½ and other universities can address them.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1496\sl240\slmult1\sb112\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Our project will use the same research design as our pilot study with a few modifications. We plan on reaching out to fraternities and sororities at Â鶹´«Ã½ and LSU for participants. After letters of approval from the Greek Life systems and other organizations, we will submit an IRB modification and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 wait\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 for\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 approval.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Once\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 IRB approval\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 has\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 been\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 granted,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 we\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 prepare\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 for\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the upcoming data collections in the fall. We plan on using an established Sexual Consent Scale from a Trent University professor who has already granted our permission to replicate his survey.\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 This survey\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 allow for\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 participants to\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 record\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 how they\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 approach\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 giving\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 receiving sexual consent quantitatively. The second portion of the survey will be qualitative, where participants will be invited to record their thoughts on how universities can more effectively approach\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 sexual\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 assault\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 prevention. Eight\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 participants\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 randomly\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 selected to\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 receive\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 $25\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1558\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 gift\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 cards.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Once\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 materials\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 have\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 been collected,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 signed\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 informed consent\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 papers\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 kept in my mentor\'92s locked office. The data will be entered and analyzed in SPSS.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\sl240\slmult1\sb243\f0\fs24\b0\i0\par\pard\plain\s2\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\f1\fs32\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Uncovering\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 Repertoire\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 for\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Double\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd-1\expndtw-4 Bass\par\pard\plain\s3\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\sb117\f1\fs24\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 (stipend\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and instrument\expnd0\expndtw-2  modification)\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb119\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Since fall 2018, I have researched Mexican Composers and works featuring the double-bass. Eventually, my resources became limited to internet/academic databases and the Cook/Gulf Coast\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 libraries. When I heard about the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 DCUR grant program, I got\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 excited that\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 funds are\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 given to\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 research\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 something\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 I'm\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 passionate\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 about \'97uncovering\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 original\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 compositions\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 buried inside\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 conservatories\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 libraries.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Summer\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 funding\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 would\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 help\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 me\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 commit\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 my\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 research instead of obtaining unrelated work.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1896\sl240\slmult1\sb125\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 My first goal involves cataloging pieces by Mexican Composers in chamber music and solo repertoire, as well as transcribe compositions from similar instruments, such as the cello, bassoon,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 or\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 trombone,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 which\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 instruments\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 share\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 comparable\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 registers\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 color\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the \expnd0\expndtw-2 double-bass.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1476\sl240\slmult1\sb116\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Surprisingly, in my research I have discovered works originally for double-bass, such as Carlos Chavez's "String Quartet number 2," written for violin, viola, cello and double-bass instead of\expnd8\expndtw40  \expnd0\expndtw0 the usual formation of two violins, viola and cello. Often, the double-bass is ignored in string quartets.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 This\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 significantly\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 add\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 double-bass\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 repertoire.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 My\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 plan\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 involves\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 uncovering\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 more composers who have written similar works.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb121\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Uncovering\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 pieces\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 by\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Composers\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 significantly\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 impacts\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 future\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 generations\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 musicians. Important\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 works\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 forgotten\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 because\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 dominating\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 cultural canons,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 nationalities,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 or\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 gender of the composers, but after archival research, they become valuable master pieces, important for art and humanity. For example, after Silvestre Revueltas' death in 1940 finally his work became important outside Mexico.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1488\sl240\slmult1\sb120\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Double-bass students and professionals struggle to find works to perform in chamber recitals, festivals, or solo recitals, pieces created to play outside those of large orchestral performances. To increase options for solo and chamber repertoire, l will research valuable works from non- traditional\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 composers.\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 To\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 diversify\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 normative\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 canon,\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 hope\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 illustrate\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 composers and musicians have made significant contributions to classical music, even though current canonical teachings show otherwise.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb120\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 My final goal will answer why Mexican composers, particularly women, are not included in repertoires at both Mexican conservatories and American schools. In performing a chamber recital in November, a solo recital in December, and again at the fall Double-Bass Symposium and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Undergraduate\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Research\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Symposium\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 spring\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 2020,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 illustrate\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexicans\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 have and can be of aesthetic value to the predominately European and American canon.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb120\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 First, I will continue my review of the literature about Mexican composers, cataloging even the smallest mentions of Mexican compositions written at Mexican conservatories. The catalog involves a breakdown of 4 primary periods in music: 1) Early-Baroque (New Spain period), 2) Classical and Romantic period (after Independence period), 3) Nationalist period (after the Mexican\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Revolution), and\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 4)\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 late\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 20th\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Century\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 period\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 (Modernism,\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Impressionism,\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1558\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 etc.).\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 By\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 cataloging\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 music\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 manner,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 tradition\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 music\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 education\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 remains intact,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 but will be added to by Mexican composers.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb118\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 For my literature review, internet databases like ProQuest Music Periodicals Database and the expansive collection in the Cook Library have informed much of my early research and my general hypothesis. However, these resources are limited to relatively popularized composers. The most significant section of my plans involves traveling to Mexico visiting four different libraries where the materials currently exist. Many of the works are only accessible as manuscripts in the Biblioteca Candelario Huizar del Conservatorio Nacional de M\'FAsica in Mexico\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 City as\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 well\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 as\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 music library\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 at\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Escuela Superior\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 de\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 M\'FAsica\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexico\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 City\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the Conservatorio de las Rosas in Morelia.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The second step involves contacting and interviewing important professional musicians and composers in Mexico, who are in Mexico City, Guanajuato and Michoacan, such as Gabriela Ortiz, Marcela Rodriguez, and Mario Lavista, among others. Their insight will inform anecdotally and aesthetically the specific contributions Mexican composers have made in their careers,\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 research\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 integral\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 understanding\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Mexican\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 compositions\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 outside\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 found\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 libraries. Most importantly, several compositions were written, but not formally published, and these composers and musicians can guide me to finding manuscripts of unpublished pieces.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1456\sl240\slmult1\sb119\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Third, upon returning to Hattiesburg with the literature, I will assemble, annotate, and analyze\expnd8\expndtw40  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 data:\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 chamber works (string quartets and more), solo works, and transcriptions using Sibelius Software.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 The\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 act\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 transcribing\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 music\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 detailed process,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 but\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 worthwhile.\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Sibelius\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 most useful\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and efficient\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 software\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 for scorewriters. After assembling the catalog, I will\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 work everyday to make the catalog accessible to different bass players and musicians by creating an online database using Youtube videos and website hosting services like WIX. Already I have an index of approximately 25 chamber music pieces from Silvestre Revueltas, Carlos Chavez, Gabriela Ortiz, Ana Lara and others.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Transcriptions from other instruments are significant, works that can alter the perception of Mexican chamber music and the double-bass, such as cello sonatas and other instrumentals that share\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 same\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 register.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Unfortunately,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Interlibrary Loan\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Â鶹´«Ã½\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 libraries\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 do\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 not have\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 these materials\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 and they\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 not\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 available\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 in e-formats.\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 However,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 these\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 can\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 accessed\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 stacks\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 of the Central Library at the Ciudad Universitaria Campus of UNAM and the others mentioned previously. When Francois Rabbath (French composer and double-bass player) transcribed the Bach cello sonatas for double-bass, the works became an important part of bass repertoire, for music education, professional auditions and recitals. My hope is that this work from Mexican composers would become important as well.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\sl240\slmult1\sb242\f0\fs24\b0\i0\par\pard\plain\s2\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\f1\fs32\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Mother\expnd-2\expndtw-8  \expnd0\expndtw0 Feminism:\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 A\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Study\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 Jewish\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 American\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw-2 Literature\par\pard\plain\s3\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\sb116\f1\fs24\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 (travel\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw-2 support)\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb125\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 My project examines three Jewish American novelists, Abraham Cahan, Anzia Yezierska, and Grace\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Paley.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 first\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 read\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 these\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 writers\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in my\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 mentor\'92s\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 Jewish\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 American\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 Literature\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 course.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 After reading\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 them,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 realized\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 they each\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 portrayed a\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 recurring\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 type\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 of character:\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 a Jewish\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 woman who, as a mother, also demonstrates a strong allegiance to feminism. I have turned that insight into\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 research\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 project\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 explores\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 what\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 call, \'93Mother\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Feminism.\'94\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 This\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 paradoxical type because while as traditional mother this character type appears subservient to men, in fact, her\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1458\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 every choice regarding childrearing is rooted in a fundamental desire to bring equality into the world for posterity. For the Eagle Spur Award, I focus solely on Paley, an author famous for her progressive, if not controversial, short stories about Jewish women. Because I plan to make a case for Paley\'92s \'93mother feminism\'94 in my project, I need to examine the extensive collection of Grace\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Paley manuscripts\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 and letters\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 held at\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Harry\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Ransom\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Research Library\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 at\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 University of Texas at Austin. With an Eagle Spur Award I will be able to analyze this abundance of sources. Ideally, they will\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 allow me\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 to demonstrate\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 nuances of what\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 I am\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 calling her \'93mother \expnd0\expndtw-2 feminism.\'94\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 The three writers I examine create characters that have much in common: the recurring character Faith\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 in Grace\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Paley\'92s\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 short\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 stories,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 characters\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Sara\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 Bessie\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Smolinksy\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 in Bread Givers\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 by Anzia Yezierska, and the character Dora in Abraham Cahan\'92s The Rise of David Levinsky each represent a familiar cultural type, \'93the Jewish mother\'94 (Antler xvii). Stereotypes illustrate the Jewish mother as \'93excessive, overprotective, neurotically anxious, and ever-present\'94 (Antler xvii). This stereotype defines the Jewish mother as a woman who has succumbed to the patriarchal requirements of her religion, and thus finds her sole purpose in life in her role of motherhood. Yet\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 I argue\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 these\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 writers critique this type\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 and show it\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 to be\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 paradox. Though each of the women in these novels does willingly accept her role as wife, mother, and housekeeper while abandoning her own personal goals, she also uses her vantage point as a mother to fight for a world of individual and gender equality. While as seemingly traditional mothers they seem to care little about any kind of feminist agenda or equality, as \'93mother\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1458\sl240\slmult1\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 feminists\'94 I argue, they manifest their personal feminist agendas in the way they raise their children. Every choice they make regarding childrearing is rooted in a fundamental desire to bring equality into the world for posterity. In my research so far, I have discovered that Jewish mothers are \'93marginalized in the\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 Jewish tradition\'94 as understood by orthodox standards and that they are measured solely through the care they give to their husband and family (Oppenheim 216). In traditional Jewish culture, the religion mandates that women drop their personal aspirations\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 assume\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 responsibilities\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 motherhood.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Traditional\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 Jewish\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 women\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 expected to keep house and raise children; furthering education and developing a career are highly discouraged as these tasks may distract from their more important domestic duties. Though they are all chained to the occupation of motherhood, not every Jewish mother is thrilled by the prospect of spending her remaining years in the domestic sphere. Because motherhood itself is\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 not always a fulfilling task, the Jewish mother searches for \'93self-fulfillment\'94 in other outlets, specifically in creating her own feminist agenda in accord with the requirements of motherhood (Adler 28). The traditionally overprotective and overzealous nature of Jewish mothers that gives them\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 reputation\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 of \'93living\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 vicariously\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 through\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 their\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 children\'94 is\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 only\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 one\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 ways\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 this feminist train of thought manifests itself (Adler 29). It is all the more necessary, I argue, that these three Jewish American writers make a case from within their own tradition for a specific brand\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 feminism.\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 For\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 example,\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 while almost\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 every\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 scholar\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 agrees\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 that\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Sara\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 Bread Givers\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 a devout feminist, some scholars argue that, despite her best efforts, the patriarchy still prevails at the end of the novel. One need not enter this debate at all since the concept, \'93mother feminism\'94 challenges both sides of the debate and in so doing, changes the premise. The question asks not which character is a feminist, but how each character brings their feminist agendas to fruition through action.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl242\slmult1\sb119\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 The\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 process\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 for\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 project,\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 which\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 has\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 already\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 begun,\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 involves\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 mostly\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 computer\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 research\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 within scholarly databases. It is important, as an English scholar, to have a thorough understanding of the arguments other scholars have presented about the works in question. For example, while\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 almost every scholar agrees that Sara in Bread Givers is a devout feminist, some scholars argue that, despite her best efforts, the patriarchy still prevails at the end of the novel. All opinions regarding\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 story\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 are\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 relevant\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 helpful\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 in this\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 kind\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 research.\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 While\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 it\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 is\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 important to\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 know what scholars have said about certain literary works, to understand the author\'92s mindset while writing a piece is key in translating the message they intent to portray. Grace Paley\'92s short story manuscripts are located in the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin, and each manuscript is complete with her own hand-written revisions in the margins. By browsing\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1493\sl240\slmult1\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 these manuscripts with Paley\'92s notes, I hope to discover her train of thought as she worked to compose her short stories. Paley was an adamant civil rights activist as well as an artful writer, so I believe her notes will reflect her double purpose of both expressing her political views as well\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 as\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 her\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 process\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 refining\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 her\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 rhetoric\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 very\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 useful\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 me.\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 By\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 delving into\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 mindset of\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 Paley,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 who\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 originally\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 inspired\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 my thoughts\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 about mother\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 feminism in\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 first\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 place,\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 hope\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 to gain even more insight regarding the theme of mother feminism as a whole, and also learn ways to apply it to the other texts that I will be evaluating during this project.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1488\sl240\slmult1\sb123\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 Though there are many scholarly articles written about motherhood, and many written about feminism, there are few that reconcile the two. By researching the feminist behaviors of mother figures\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 in\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 Jewish\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 literature,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 I\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 hope\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 to\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 add to\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 pool\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 existing\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 scholarship\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 about\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 novels\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 that I will\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 evaluating in a way that is innovative\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and new. By combining the\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 idea\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 of feminism\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and motherhood, I hope to create a new space in which to talk about the two. In so doing, I want to acknowledge that the\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 two are\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 not\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 mutually exclusive institutions. I hope\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 to publish this article\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 in an academic journal.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\sl240\slmult1\sb238\f0\fs24\b0\i0\par\pard\plain\s2\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl242\slmult1\f1\fs32\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 Formation\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-2\expndtw-10  \expnd0\expndtw0 Micron-Size-Patterned\expnd-1\expndtw-7  \expnd0\expndtw0 Polymer\expnd-2\expndtw-11  \expnd0\expndtw0 Film\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 Using\expnd-2\expndtw-8  \expnd0\expndtw0 Electric \expnd0\expndtw-2 Field\par\pard\plain\s3\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\sl240\slmult1\sb112\f1\fs24\b1\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 (commodities\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd0\expndtw-2  travel)\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1488\sl240\slmult1\sb124\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The purpose of this research is to form micron-size-patterned conjugated polymer thin films without using costly lithography processing steps. After forming P3HT nanowires in solution, DC electric field will be utilized to deposit them towards the cathode, and then the patterned deposition will be solvent-annealed to turn it into a patterned thin film. The first scientific question for this project is the net positive charge observed on the P3HT nanowires.\fs16 2 \fs24 This formation of charge is still unknown, and it also raises another question: does the net positive charge on the nanowires induce a net negative charge somewhere within the P3HT solution? When\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 performing\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 research,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 we\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 plan\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 on\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 studying the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 causations\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 of\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 net\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 positive\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 charge\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 on the nanowires, such as light irradiation, air exposure, temperature, solvent property, and\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl244\slmult1\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 polymer-solvent\expnd-2\expndtw-8  \expnd0\expndtw0 interactions\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 within\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-2\expndtw-8  \expnd0\expndtw0 solution.\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 Understanding\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 phenomenon\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 could\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 also provide insights for determining the complex formation of P3HT nanowires.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb109\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 The practical objective of this project is to provide manufacturers with another option for patterning\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 microchips\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 or\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 other\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 substrates\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 with\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 polymers\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 without\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 having to\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 be\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 burdened\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 by\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the costs of using photolithography.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1442\sl240\slmult1\sb117\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 We\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 start\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 project\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 by\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 obtaining\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 P3HT\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 solution\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 letting\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 it\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 self-aggregate to\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 form\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 the positively charged nanowires. A few factors that could influence the P3HT aggregation and possibly net charge formation process will be explored: light irradiation, air exposure, temperature, solvent property, external electric field, and polymer-solvent interactions. The\par\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1380\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1471\sl240\slmult1\sb61\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 magnitude of net charge formation will be tested in a DC field based on the size and formation rate of the depletion zone. This nanowire solution will then be deposited onto either a glass or ceramic substrate that has at least two electrodes (one cathode and one anode) under a DC electric field. Solvent vapor annealing will then be used to transform the deposited nanowires into\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 thin\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 film,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 thus\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 forming a\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 specific\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 pattern. From\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 here,\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 optical\expnd-1\expndtw-6  \expnd0\expndtw0 and\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 fluorescence\expnd0\expndtw-1  \expnd0\expndtw0 imaging\expnd-1\expndtw-4  \expnd0\expndtw0 will be performed to better understand the aggregation process of P3HT. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) will also be performed to investigate the nanowire pattern and any other morphological phenomenon before and after solvent vapor annealing. Furthermore, we would like to try to transport the patterned nanowires onto another substrate by either dewetting it via water or by using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp. When using the dewetting technique, the sample substrate will be submerged in water so that its surface tension can be utilized to break off the nanowire thin film from the underneath substrate. This thin film can then be collected and transported onto another substrate. The other technique will use PDMS to adhere to the micron- sized-patterned thin film. After the PDMS collects the thin film, the patterned film can then be \'93stamped\'94 onto another substrate.\par\pard\plain\s1\nooverflow\nocwrap\lnbrkrule\li120\ri1530\sl240\slmult1\sb122\f0\fs24\b0\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100\cf2 We have already obtained some preliminary data on this subject matter. From the images attached, it can be seen that a ceramic substrate with gold electrodes was used for the selective deposition of P3HT nanowires. The dark spots located in the substrate represent the deposited P3HT nanowires. It can also be seen that these nanowires are mainly located within the cathode region. This example provides the proof-of-concept experiment that it is feasible to selectively deposit\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 nanowires\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 onto\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 a\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 given\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 electrode\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 (cathode).\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 With the\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 help\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 from\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 this\expnd0\expndtw-2  \expnd0\expndtw0 grant,\expnd-1\expndtw-3  \expnd0\expndtw0 we\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 will\expnd-1\expndtw-5  \expnd0\expndtw0 be able to move further along in this research in regard to performing certain characterizations and also utilizing the transport techniques mentioned to deposit the film onto another substrate, which will greatly benefit those who need a patterned substrate but cannot afford the cost of using photolithography.\par}